answer:Here's the Python function to determine if a given list of integers contains any duplicate values:```pythondef has_duplicates(input_list): # Create a set from the input list unique_elements = set(input_list) # If the length of the set is less than the length of the list, # it means there are duplicate elements return len(unique_elements) != len(input_list)```This function takes a list of integers as input and returns `True` if there are any duplicate values in the list, and `False` otherwise. Here's how it works:1. The function creates a `set` from the input list using `set(input_list)`. A set is an unordered collection of unique elements, so it automatically removes any duplicates from the input list.2. The function then compares the length of the set (`len(unique_elements)`) with the length of the original list (`len(input_list)`). If the lengths are different, it means there were duplicate elements in the original list.3. The function returns the result of the comparison `len(unique_elements) != len(input_list)`, which will be `True` if there are duplicates, and `False` otherwise.Here are some examples:```pythonprint(has_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])) # Output: Falseprint(has_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 2])) # Output: Trueprint(has_duplicates([1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5])) # Output: True```Note that this solution assumes that the input list contains only integer values. If the input list contains other data types, you may need to modify the function accordingly.

answer:def check_water_temperature(temperature): if temperature < 24: return "Too Cold" elif temperature > 30: return "Too Hot" else: return "Safe"

answer:def low_pass_filter(R, C, Vin, dt): """ Simulates the behavior of a simple RC (resistor-capacitor) low-pass filter. Args: R (float): The resistance value in ohms. C (float): The capacitance value in farads. Vin (list of floats): A list representing the input voltage signal over time. dt (float): The time step interval in seconds. Returns: list of floats: A list representing the output voltage over time, Vout, after passing through the RC low-pass filter. """ Vout = [0] # Initialize Vout with 0 for the first time step for n in range(1, len(Vin)): Vout.append(Vout[n-1] + (dt / (R * C)) * (Vin[n] - Vout[n-1])) return Vout

answer:def calculate_net_profit_loss(transactions): net_profit_loss = 0.0 for transaction in transactions: if transaction['type'] == 'profit': net_profit_loss += transaction['amount'] elif transaction['type'] == 'loss': net_profit_loss -= transaction['amount'] return net_profit_loss

answer:Here's the Python function to identify marine species based on certain traits:```pythondef identify_marine_species(species_list, traits): matching_species = [] for species in species_list: match = True for trait, value in traits.items(): if species.get(trait) != value: match = False break if match: matching_species.append(species['name']) return matching_species```This function takes two arguments:1. `species_list`: A list of dictionaries, where each dictionary represents a marine species with keys 'name', 'color', 'size', and 'habitat'.2. `traits`: A dictionary specifying the traits to match (any subset of 'color', 'size', and 'habitat').The function iterates over the `species_list` and checks if each species matches all the given traits. If a species matches all the traits, its name is added to the `matching_species` list. Finally, the function returns the `matching_species` list containing the names of the species that match all the given traits.Here's how the function works:1. Initialize an empty list `matching_species` to store the names of matching species.2. Iterate over each species dictionary in `species_list`.3. For each species, initialize a boolean variable `match` to `True`.4. Iterate over each trait and its value in the `traits` dictionary.5. Check if the value of the trait in the species dictionary matches the value in the `traits` dictionary.6. If there is a mismatch, set `match` to `False` and break out of the inner loop.7. After checking all traits, if `match` is still `True`, append the species name to the `matching_species` list.8. After iterating over all species, return the `matching_species` list.If no species match the given traits, the function will return an empty list.

answer:def convert_years_to_centuries(years): centuries = [] for year in years: century = (year - 1) // 100 + 1 if year % 100 == 0: century_str = f"{century}th century" else: century_str = f"{century + 1}th century" centuries.append(century_str) return centuries