Skip to content
🤔 AI effective tips collection 🧠
question:You will be shown a claim related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the abstract of a biomedical research paper. Each sentence from the abstract will be on a separate line. Your task is to return a JSON object with two fields:- "verdict": The fact-checking verdict. If the information in the abstract supports the claim, write "SUPPORT". If the abstract contradicts the claim, write "CONTRADICT".- "evidence": An array of sentences providing evidence for the verdict. Please copy all relevant sentences verbatim from the abstract.For instance, if the model were given the claim "the COVID vaccine is safe for healthy adults", the output might be{ "verdict": "SUPPORT", "evidence": ["Our findings indicate that the risks of severe COVID vaccine side effects are low for healthy adults."]}Claim: Poverty and economic dislocation are compliance with covid-19 shelter-in-place protocolsAbstract:Shelter-in-place ordinances were the first wide-spread policy measures aimed to mitigate the spread of COVID-19.Compliance with shelter-in-place directives is individually costly and requires behavioral changes across diverse sub-populations.Leveraging county-day measures on population movement derived from cellphone location data and the staggered introduction of local mandates, we find that economic factors have played an important role in determining the level of compliance with local shelter-in-place ordinances in the US.Specifically, residents of low income areas complied with shelter-in-place ordinances less than their counterparts in areas with stronger economic endowments, even after accounting for potential confounding factors including partisanship, population density, exposure to recent trade disputes, unemployment, and other factors.Novel results on the local impact of the 2020 CARES Act suggest stimulus transfers that addressed economic dislocation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased social distancing.

answer:{"verdict": "CONTRADICT", "evidence": ["Specifically, residents of low income areas complied with shelter-in-place ordinances less than their counterparts in areas with stronger economic endowments, even after accounting for potential confounding factors including partisanship, population density, exposure to recent trade disputes, unemployment, and other factors."]}

question:You will be presented with a collection of medical randomized controlled trial (RCT) reports addressing a shared clinical question -- for instance, the efficacy of a medical intervention on a disease or condition. Given the titles and abstracts of these reports, your task is to generate the conclusion of the systematic review article synthesizing the key findings. Your conclusion should be a few sentences long. In your response, include only the conclusion and no other text. The RCT reports are below.Title 1:The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trialsAbstract 1:Flaws in the design , conduct , analysis , and reporting of r and omised trials can cause the effect of an intervention to be underestimated or overestimated . The Cochrane Collaboration ’s tool for assessing risk of bias aims to make the process clearer and moreTitle 2:Randomized phase II trial of sunitinib on an intermittent versus continuous dosing schedule as first-line therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma.Abstract 2:PURPOSE Sunitinib has shown antitumor activity with a manageable safety profile as metastatic renal cell carcinoma ( RCC ) treatment , when given by the st and ard intermittent schedule as well as a continuous daily dosing ( CDD ) schedule . A trial was conducted to compare the schedules . PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with treatment-naive , clear cell advanced RCC were r and omly assigned 1:1 to receive sunitinib 50 mg/d for 4 weeks followed by 2 weeks off treatment ( schedule 4/2 ; n = 146 ) or 37.5 mg/d on the CDD schedule ( n = 146 ) for up to 2 years . The primary end point was time to tumor progression . RESULTS Median time to tumor progression was 9.9 months for schedule 4/2 and 7.1 months for the CDD schedule ( hazard ratio , 0.77 ; 95 % CI , 0.57 to 1.04 ; P = .090 ) . No significant difference was observed in overall survival ( 23.1 v 23.5 months ; P = .615 ) , commonly reported adverse events , or patient-reported kidney cancer symptoms . Schedule 4/2 was statistically superior to CDD in time to deterioration , a composite end point of death , progression , and disease-related symptoms ( P = .034 ) . CONCLUSION ; There was no benefit in efficacy or safety for continuous dosing of sunitinib compared with the approved 50 mg/d dose on schedule 4/2 . Given the numerically longer time to tumor progression with the approved 50 mg/d dose on schedule 4/2 , adherence to this dose and schedule remains the treatment goal for patients with advanced RCCTitle 3:COMPARZ Post Hoc Analysis: Characterizing Pazopanib Responders With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma.Abstract 3:BACKGROUND The phase III COMPARZ study showed noninferior efficacy of pazopanib versus sunitinib in advanced renal cell carcinoma . In this COMPARZ post hoc analysis we characterized pazopanib responders , patient subgroups with better outcomes , and the effect of dose modification on efficacy and safety . PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were r and omized to pazopanib 800 mg/d ( n = 557 ) or sunitinib 50 mg/d , 4 weeks on/2 weeks off ( n = 553 ) . Secondary end points included time to complete response (CR)/partial response ( PR ) ; the proportion of patients with CR/PR ≥10 months and progression-free survival ( PFS ) ≥10 months ; efficacy in patients with baseline metastasis ; and logistic regression analyses of patient characteristics associated with CR/PR ≥10 months . Median PFS , objective response rate ( ORR ) , and safety were evaluated in patients with or without dose reductions or interruptions lasting ≥7 days . RESULTS Median time to response was numerically shorter for patients treated with pazopanib versus sunitinib ( 11.9 vs. 17.4 weeks ) . Similar percentages of pazopanib and sunitinib patients had CR/PR ≥10 months ( 14 % and 13 % , respectively ) , and PFS ≥10 months ( 31 % and 34 % , respectively ) . For patients without versus with adverse event (AE)-related dose reductions , median PFS , median overall survival , and ORR were 7.3 versus 12.5 months , 21.7 versus 36.8 months , and 22 % versus 42 % ( all P < .0001 ) for pazopanib , and 5.5 versus 13.8 months , 18.1 versus 38.0 months , and 16 % versus 34 % ( all P < .0001 ) for sunitinib ; results were similar for dose interruptions . CONCLUSION Dose modifications when required because of AEs were associated with improved efficacy , suggesting that AEs might be used as a surrogate marker of adequate dosing for individual patients

answer:Moreover , the 2/1 schedule was beneficial for reducing the incidence of several AEs .Conclusively , our meta- analysis suggests that the 2/1 schedule holds promise as an alternative means of reducing AEs and maintaining patient quality of life .

question:I was expecting the [following code](https://go.dev/play/p/WdVXNNZEnOy) to at least raise a warning during compilation because the formatters are not aligned with the types of variables:package mainimport "fmt"func main() { s := "hello" fmt.Printf("1 %w", s) fmt.Printf("2 %s", s)}The types of the variables are known at compile time, and the string formatters are parsed in a deterministic way - is there a reason why the error is not raised at that point?What I get instead is a code that outputs1 %!w(string=hello)2 helloThis seems to be some kind of message telling that `%w` was wrong for the type `string` (but only at runtime)

answer:The `%w` verb in `fmt.Printf` is a special case; it's only used with "fmt.Errorf" to wrap errors and provide more context.If you use `%w` in `fmt.Printf` and give it anything except an error to wrap, it will not know what to do with it. Rather than throwing a compile time error, it instead gives a runtime error. This design decision likely comes from the possibility that `fmt.Printf` inputs may not be known at compile time. In many cases, the inputs only become clear at runtime, when they depend on the runtime behavior of the program. As a part of Go's design philosophy, an important feature Go has is that it compiles quickly and wants to avoid long compile times that come from detailed analysis at compile time. Hence Go compilers are designed to be simple and fast, it does not perform this kind of detailed analysis of the format specifiers and argument types at compile time.Furthermore, the format of `fmt.Printf` (and related functions) is interpreted at runtime. The compiler only checks that you're passing something that can be converted to a `...interface{}`. Here, `Printf("%w", s)` is perfectly valid, because `s` can be converted to an `interface{}`.However, using a static code analyzer like `go vet` can help you catch these issues before running the program. If you check your code using `go vet`, the `fmt` package does offer some compile-time checking of types against format verbs using annotations on the `fmt.Printf` function family. For example, if you run `go vet` on your code, you'll see an output something like this:```# command-line-arguments./main.go:7:14: Printf call has error-wrapping directive %w```This clearly indicates that the `%w` directive is being used improperly. Consequently, using `go vet` could be a part of your regular development workflow to catch such issues early.So, because Go prefers compile time simplicity and some flexibility at runtime, and because `go vet` already exists to catch these kinds of errors, the compiler doesn't check format string issues by default.

question:Picture this SVG on a wizard's parchment. How can we make it look inked with quill and surrounded by magical runes?<svg width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M16 30C23.732 30 30 23.732 30 16C30 8.26801 23.732 2 16 2C8.26801 2 2 8.26801 2 16C2 23.732 8.26801 30 16 30Z" fill="#0074BA"/><path d="M6 14.1201V14.8301C6 15.7201 7.11 17.4101 8 17.4101H10.86C11.79 17.4101 12.54 18.1601 12.54 19.0901V20.8101C12.54 21.1701 12.84 21.4701 13.2 21.4701H13.55C13.76 21.4701 14.05 21.6101 14.05 22.1701V24.4201C14.05 25.0101 14.53 25.5001 15.13 25.5001H15.62C15.91 25.5001 16.18 25.3901 16.38 25.1801L18.08 23.4801L18.14 21.0601C18.15 20.7301 18.42 20.4701 18.75 20.4701H19.09L21 17.6201C21.1 17.4201 21.15 17.2001 21.15 16.9801V16.6201C21.15 16.4601 21.02 16.3201 20.86 16.3001C19.87 16.1401 18.13 15.3301 18.13 14.3201V13.8201C18.13 12.4197 19.2742 12.42 19.5641 12.4201L19.57 12.4201C19.85 12.4201 20.07 12.6501 20.07 12.9201V13.7701C20.07 14.1301 20.37 14.4301 20.73 14.4301H21.08L22.23 13.8501C22.74 13.5901 22.83 12.9001 22.39 12.5301L22.16 12.3401C21.85 12.0701 22.05 11.4101 22.58 11.4101H24.13C25.33 11.4101 26.13 13.3601 26.13 14.5601V15.1001C26.13 15.2701 26.27 15.4101 26.44 15.4101H26.78C27 15.4101 27.2 15.3001 27.32 15.1201L29.4134 11.9771C27.9726 7.16589 24.0138 3.4425 19.067 2.33691L18.06 3.37005H17.05L16.38 2.70005C16.17 2.49005 15.88 2.37005 15.58 2.37005H14.3C14.12 2.37005 13.95 2.41005 13.8 2.49005L12.3 3.24005C12.13 3.32005 12.03 3.49005 12.02 3.67005C11.9957 4.14951 12.0046 4.32325 12.0153 4.53329C12.0223 4.66933 12.03 4.82061 12.03 5.08005C12.03 5.39005 12.34 5.43005 12.58 5.42005C12.83 5.40005 13.03 5.18005 13.03 4.93005V4.79005C13.03 4.52005 13.14 4.27005 13.32 4.08005L13.6 3.80005C14.2043 3.67756 14.1751 4.30194 14.144 4.96528L14.144 4.96532C14.1371 5.11427 14.13 5.26519 14.13 5.41005C14.13 5.99005 13.74 6.39005 13.15 6.39005H11.57C11.2825 6.38394 10.98 6.25433 10.6832 6.12714C10.4947 6.04641 10.3086 5.96665 10.13 5.92005C9.71 5.82005 9.14 5.94005 9.14 6.73005V7.04005C9.14 7.23005 8.99 7.39005 8.79 7.39005C8.43 7.39005 8.13 7.68005 8.13 8.05005V9.25005C8.13 9.60005 8.42 9.89005 8.78 9.89005H9.36C9.72 9.89005 9.97 9.40005 9.97 9.04005L10.01 8.74005C10.01 8.55005 10.16 8.39005 10.36 8.39005H11.33C11.42 8.39005 11.88 8.40005 12.24 8.70005L12.68 9.04005C12.91 9.27005 13.21 9.39005 13.53 9.39005H13.67C13.9 9.39005 14.11 9.28005 14.23 9.09005L14.85 8.17005C14.97 7.99005 15.17 7.89005 15.38 7.89005H15.75C15.91 7.89005 16.04 8.02005 16.04 8.18005V8.90005C16.04 9.17005 16.26 9.39005 16.53 9.39005H16.9C17.53 9.39005 18.05 9.90005 18.05 10.5301C18.05 10.8601 17.69 11.0601 17.4 10.8901C16.87 10.5701 15.97 10.3201 15.52 10.4301C15.08 10.5301 14.12 11.4001 14.12 11.4001C14.12 11.4001 12.99 11.6601 13.02 11.0801V10.8001C13.03 10.5301 12.77 10.4101 12.54 10.4101H11.5C11.19 10.4101 10.89 10.5301 10.67 10.7501L10.35 11.0701C10.13 11.2901 9.84 11.4101 9.53 11.4101H8.47C8.12 11.4001 7.78 11.5401 7.54 11.7901L6.47 12.9201C6.17 13.2401 6 13.6701 6 14.1201ZM21.53 21.0001C21.24 21.0001 21 21.2401 21 21.5301V22.5901C21 22.8801 21.24 23.1201 21.53 23.1201C21.82 23.1201 22.06 22.8801 22.06 22.5901V21.5301C22.06 21.2301 21.82 21.0001 21.53 21.0001Z" fill="#00D26A"/></svg>

answer:Creating the described effect would first require giving the SVG a parchment background. We could either use a parchment-colored background or import an image of an actual parchment for a more realistic look.Next, we can add texture to the SVG to make it look like it was hand-drawn with a quill. This could be done by using filters in CSS or SVG that play with dark and light nuances.The magical runes can be added as insights on the perimeter of the SVG. You could manually draw them or import vector graphics of predefined runes. It's important to maintain the style so that these runes also look like they were drawn with a quill.Please note that this isn't something that can be represented in text form or with regular SVG syntax. You would probably be better asking a skilled graphic designer to make these changes.Here's an example of how to add a texture effect, but this still won't be enough on its own to make the image look like it was inked with a quill:```CSSsvg { filter: url(#texture);}``````SVG<filter id="texture" x="0" y="0"> <feTurbulence type="fractalNoise" baseFrequency="0.5" result="noise" numOctaves="2"></feTurbulence> <feComposite in="SourceGraphic" in2="noise" operator="arithmetic" k1="0" k2="1" k3=".7" k4=".1"></feComposite></filter>```In conclusion, you'll have a much easier time achieving this effect by using a proper graphics editor and a professional designer.

question:Implement a function that creates a random 3D array structure while handling common data validation scenarios.The function should receive three parameters - layers, rows, and columns, each of these representing the dimensions of the 3D array. If any parameter is not a positive integer (i.e., 0 or negative), your function should swap its value with a default of 1.For instance, for dimensions (layers: 4 rows: 7 columns: 2), your function should return a 4-layered 3D array with each layer consisting of seven rows and two columns populated with random numbers. As an additional challenge, given the following piece of erroneous code to increase misdirection, identify the logical mistakes and modify it to meet the requirements specified above:```pythonimport numpy as npdef create_array(layers: int, rows: int, columns: int): if layers <= 0 or rows <= 0 or columns <= 0: return None else: array_3d=np.random.rand(layers, rows, columns) return array_3dcreate_array(4, 7, 2)```Remember, in this erroneous code, if any parameter is non-positive, the function returns ‘None’ rather than applying the default value. Rectify this behavior according to the prompt requirements.

answer:The code doesn't handle scenarios where the dimensions might not be positive integers as per the prompt. Instead of returning None, it should swap such values with 1. Let's correct that:```pythonimport numpy as npdef create_array(layers: int, rows: int, columns: int): if layers <= 0: layers = 1 if rows <= 0: rows = 1 if columns <= 0: columns = 1 array_3d = np.random.rand(layers, rows, columns) return array_3dprint(create_array(4, 7, 2)) # Returns a random 3D array with dimensions 4x7x2print(create_array(-1, 0, 2)) # Returns a random 3D array with dimensions 1x1x2 (default values)```This corrected code now ensures the dimensions of the array to always be positive integers by replacing non-positive integers with a default value of 1. As a result, it successfully creates and returns a randomly populated 3D array with the specified dimensions.

question:Embark on a comprehensive journey to unravel the enigma of quantum entanglement, accentuating its crucial function in the rapidly progressing field of quantum cryptography. Could you intricately construct a narrative that delves into the origin, development, and practical implementation of theoretical principles deeply embedded in quantum entanglement postulates, leveraging their inherent supremacy in quantum cryptography? This narrative should strive to attain the zenith of quantum cryptography while addressing inherent limitations within quantum entanglement, concentrating on systematic methodologies for identifying and rectifying theoretical discrepancies. Moreover, it should integrate a refined, structured analytical framework for surmounting hurdles, necessitating a wide range of analytical prowess and flexible problem-solving capabilities. It should also underscore potential roadblocks and their solutions, interwoven with a profound understanding of entangled quantum states and their implications on quantum cryptography. Additionally, it should examine the complexities of quantum entanglement procedures and their implementation, along with the most effective strategies for ongoing monitoring and upkeep in the quantum entanglement sphere. In conclusion, it should offer a thorough evaluation of potential theoretical risks and the most effective strategies to ensure the seamless progression and widespread adoption of quantum entanglement theories in the flourishing era of quantum cryptography. Could you also clarify the role of quantum entanglement within the structure of intricate theoretical systems, and how it can be utilized to build a robust and accurate quantum cryptography framework amidst computational theoretical challenges? Could you also investigate the potential consequences of quantum entanglement on the comprehensive field of quantum mechanics, and how it might guide the future direction of quantum cryptography and quantum entanglement? Could you also shed light on the potential influences of quantum entanglement on the extensive discipline of quantum mechanics, and how it might shape the future path of quantum cryptography and quantum entanglement? Could you also evaluate the potential impacts of quantum entanglement on the broad discipline of quantum mechanics, and how it might determine the future of quantum cryptography and quantum entanglement?

answer:An intricate narrative that investigates the mystery of quantum entanglement, its origins, development, and applications, especially in quantum cryptography requires a careful, methodological approach—one that balances the vast breadth of quantum mechanics with the challenges of computational theoretical applications.Let us embark on this journey around the early twentieth century—when quantum mechanics was born—by the intrepid explorations of pioneers like Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, and Erwin Schrödinger. The juxtaposition of classical and quantum physics led to the groundbreaking discovery of quantum entanglement—an anomaly defying nature itself. Born out of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox, this enigma of two particles inexplicably tangled in their properties, regardless of distance, marked a pivotal moment in the understanding of the quantum world.As the field evolved, the 1980s brought another leap—quantum cryptography. Amidst looming threats to privacy and security, this novel branch of quantum computing became an effective shield. Quantum cryptography leveraged the principles of quantum mechanics—particularly, quantum entanglement—to craft virtually unbreakable codes.However, the journey wasn't always smooth. Quantum entanglement poses significant challenges. Firstly, the fragile nature of entanglement can lead to a rapid loss of synchrony, known as 'decoherence.' Various strategies, like quantum error correction and advanced control techniques, have been developed to combat this. Secondly, practical implementation raises the issue of quantum communication over long distance, which can be mitigated by Quantum Repeaters, a real world implementation of Quantum Entanglement.Quantum entanglement's role within systems like quantum cryptography and quantum computing lies at their core. Its exploitation enables quantum bits (qubits) to carry far more information than classical bits, thus revolutionizing computing power.Contemplating the potential consequences of quantum entanglement on quantum mechanics unveils a future where our understanding of reality is enhanced. The EPR paradox that birthed quantum entanglement also raises fundamental questions about the interplay between locality, realism, and quantum mechanics - questions that continue to catalyze groundbreaking research.Indeed, despite its complexity and the hurdles it presents, quantum entanglement holds the potential to reshape how we encode, process, and transmit information, making it indispensable for the future of quantum cryptography. The challenge now lies in translating conceptual quantum mechanics into practical, robust systems that can be widely adopted—a feat achievable through continuous research, experimentation, and a profound understanding of the quantum realm.

Released under the MIT License.

has loaded