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question:Has someone successfully overridden the scoring of documents in a query so that the "relevancy" of a term to the field contents can be determined through one's own function? If so, was it by implementing a [CustomScoreQuery](http://lucene.apache.org/java/2_3_2/api/org/apache/lucene/search/function/CustomScoreQuery.html) and overriding the customScore(int, float, float)? I cannot seem to find a way to build either a custom sort or a custom scorer that can rank exact term matches much higher than other prefix term matches. Any suggestions would be appreciated.
answer:Yes, it is possible to override the scoring of documents in a query in Apache Lucene to control the relevancy of term-to-field contents. This tends to involve both extending a `CustomScoreQuery` and overriding its `customScore(int, float, float)` method.However, this operation tends to be quite complex and requires a solid understanding of both the Lucene framework and information retrieval theory.If you want to implement this behavior in Lucene, you could do something along these lines:```javapublic class CustomScoreQueryTest extends CustomScoreQuery { private String termText; public CustomScoreQueryTest(Query subQuery, String termText){ super(subQuery); this.termText = termText; } @Override public CustomScoreProvider getCustomScoreProvider(IndexReader reader) { return new CustomScoreProvider(reader){ @Override public float customScore(int doc, float subQueryScore, float[] valSrcScores) throws IOException{ String indexedText = reader.document(doc).get("your_field"); if(indexedText != null && indexedText.equalsIgnoreCase(termText)) { return Float.MAX_VALUE; } else return subQueryScore; } }; }}```Here, a `CustomScoreQueryTest` is set up to extend the `CustomScoreQuery` provided by Lucene, with the `customScore(int, float, float)` method overridden to prioritize exact term matches over prefix term matches.It's crucial to note again that this is just a starting point; the given code ranks an exact match as the highest possible score, which may not be suitable for your use case, depending on the distribution of your data.Ultimately, you should determine your scoring function based on your specific use case, taking into account your data distribution and how you want to weight different factors in your documents.Furthermore, you might want to look at Lucene's query parser syntax and build a combination of PhraseQuery and PrefixQuery to discriminate between exact matches and prefix matching.
question:Create an HTML and CSS layout to display a list of books with their author, title, description, and publication date, using CSS Flexbox or Grid layout. Additionally, make the layout responsive for different device sizes (mobile, tablet, and desktop).Book 1: Author - John, Title - The Catcher in the Rye, Description - “The Catcher in the Rye is a 1951 novel by J. D. Salinger.”, Publication Date - July 16, 1951Book 2: Author - Jane, Title - Sense and Sensibility, Description - “Sense and Sensibility is a novel by Jane Austen, published in 1811.”, Publication Date - October 30, 1811
answer:You could create your HTML and CSS layout as follows:index.html:```html<!DOCTYPE html><html><head> <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"></head><body> <div class="container"> <div class="book"> <h2>Title: The Catcher in the Rye</h2> <p>Author: John</p> <p>Description: The Catcher in the Rye is a 1951 novel by J. D. Salinger.</p> <p>Publication Date: July 16, 1951</p> </div> <div class="book"> <h2>Title: Sense and Sensibility</h2> <p>Author: Jane</p> <p>Description: Sense and Sensibility is a novel by Jane Austen, published in 1811.</p> <p>Publication Date: October 30, 1811</p> </div> </div></body></html>```styles.css:```css/* Generic styles */body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0; padding: 0;}.container { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center;}.book { background-color: #f0f0f0; border-radius: 5px; box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); margin: 12px; padding: 16px; width: 100%;}h2 { font-size: 24px; margin-bottom: 12px;}p { margin: 4px;}/* Responsive styles */@media (min-width: 768px) { /* Tablet */ .book { width: 48%; }}@media (min-width: 1024px) { /* Desktop */ .book { width: 30%; }}```Here's a brief explanation of the solution:- The HTML file has a container with 2 book elements, each having information about a book.- The CSS file has general styles for the body, container, book, and text elements.- The media queries in the CSS file ensures responsiveness for different device sizes (mobile, tablet, and desktop) by adjusting the width of the book element accordingly.
question:Embark on a labyrinthine expedition into the enigmatic domain of string theory, emphasizing its paramount importance in the vanguard of cutting-edge theoretical physics. Could you meticulously craft a narrative that sequentially outlines the inception, progression, and practical utility of theoretical models deeply entrenched in the principles of string theory, leveraging their inherent predictive supremacy? This narrative should strive to reach the pinnacle of theoretical physics prediction accuracy while addressing inherent constraints within string theory, focusing on systematic approaches for identifying and rectifying theoretical discrepancies. Moreover, it should incorporate a sophisticated, structured analytical framework for surmounting challenges, necessitating a wide range of analytical acumen and adaptable problem-solving wisdom. It should also highlight potential impediments and their solutions, intertwined with a profound understanding of string vibrations and their impact on theoretical physics prediction accuracy. Furthermore, it should delve into the nuances of string duality and compactification, along with the most effective techniques for ongoing surveillance and maintenance in the string theory domain. In conclusion, it should provide a rigorous examination of potential theoretical risks and the most efficient strategies to ensure the uninterrupted advancement and broad acceptance of string theory tenets in the age of progressing theoretical physics. Could you also elucidate the role of string theory within the structure of complex theoretical systems, and how it can be manipulated to build a sturdy and precise predictive structure amidst intricate theoretical dilemmas?
answer:As I'm an AI model that communicates through text, I'll first provide a simplified overview of the history, development, and usage of string theory, before moving on to address its constraints, challenges, and potential pitfalls. During the middle of the twentieth century, theoretical physicists became increasingly aware of unresolvable inconsistencies between the prominent theoretical frameworks of the day, namely quantum mechanics and general relativity. The former offered an indisputable perspective on subatomic particles, while the latter provided a perfect description of gravity and the cosmic scale. The chasm between them deepened and it was evident that we needed a more comprehensive theory; cue the inception of string theory.String theory conjectures that the fundamental constituents of the universe aren't point particles, but rather one-dimensional strings that vibrate at different frequencies, corresponding to different fundamental particles. This groundbreaking theoretical model reconciles quantum mechanics and general relativity, acting as a potential theory of everything. However, string theory has its own constraints. It requires higher dimensions to function properly, approximately ten or eleven, which far exceeds the four dimensions we perceive. Compactification, whereby these excess dimensions are shrunk down to a size beyond our detection, is one way around this. But determining the correct compactification that corresponds with our observed universe is a considerable challenge. The theory also has powerful predictive capabilities, particularly due to the effects of string vibrations on particle properties. As the strings vibrate, they produce an orchestra of particles, each with specific properties connected to their modes of vibration. But these kinds of predictions are tricky and often hinge on multiple factors.Dualities form an integral part of string theory, serving as crucial theoretical solutions and providing a paradoxical understanding of string phenomena. These are mathematical transformations that create new solutions by mapping old ones. In the pursuit of progress, string theory confronts many impediments, most notably the inability to test it experimentally owing to technologies current limitation. Yet the field is fast-evolving and there's hope that advances in quantum computing and astronomical observations might offer indirect evidence. In the broader context of complex theoretical systems, string theory functions as a keystone. It offers the possibility of a unified framework in which particles and forces, including gravity, can be explained under a single umbrella. Despite the hurdles, there's optimism that with meticulous research, novel technological advancements, and persistent analytical efforts, the many subtleties of this theoretical behemoth will continue to be unraveled, paving the way for an unprecedented understanding of our universe. The journey is labyrinthine, but the potential rewards are colossal. In essence, string theory serves as a pivotal paradigm in theoretical physics, with profound implications reaching far beyond the cosmos and into the fabric of reality itself. The quest to master string theory continues, with the hope that its veins of wisdom may yet yield the solution to the web of intricacies that describe our universe.
question:Create an algorithm for finding the largest number in a list, while also handling potential errors for non-numeric inputs. Additionally, include a piece of erroneous code as a reference to further challenge the candidate.Erroneous Code Example:```pythondef find_largest(arr): largest = arr[0] for num in arr: if num > largest: largest = num return largestincorrect_list = [1, 2, 'three', 4, 5]print(find_largest(incorrect_list))```
answer:This is the erroneous code since it will throw a TypeError when it attempts to compare a string with an integer. To fix this, we can use exception handling in Python. Here's a simple fix for the function:```pythondef find_largest(arr): largest = None for item in arr: try: num = int(item) # Attempt to convert the item into an integer. except ValueError: # If a ValueError occurs, skip this item. continue if largest is None or num > largest: largest = num return largestincorrect_list = [1, 2, 'three', 4, 5]print(find_largest(incorrect_list)) # Outputs: 5```Here, we use a try/except block to attempt to convert each item in the list into an integer. If the item can't be converted into an integer (which will raise a ValueError), we skip to the next item in the list. If the item can be converted into an integer, we then check if it's larger than the current largest number, and if it is, we update our largest number.It's important to note that this may not behave as expected if the list contains other types of numeric types (floating point numbers, complex numbers, etc.). Depending on your needs, you may need to adjust the code accordingly.
question:Create a Vue.js functional component to display a personalized welcome message. Also, incorporate Vuex for state management and accommodate a change in welcome message based on time zones.
answer:Sure, first you'll need to make sure you have Vuex installed in your project. Now let's create a Vuex store, a Vue component, and handle different welcome messages based on time zones.We will have a Vuex store like this:```javascriptimport Vue from 'vue'import Vuex from 'vuex'Vue.use(Vuex)export default new Vuex.Store({ state: { welcome: '', }, mutations: { setWelcome(state, payload) { state.welcome = payload; }, }, actions: { updateWelcome({ commit }) { let date = new Date(); let hours = date.getUTCHours(); let welcome = 'Hello'; if (hours < 12) { welcome = 'Good Morning'; } else if (hours < 18) { welcome = 'Good Afternoon'; } else { welcome = 'Good Evening'; } commit('setWelcome', welcome); }, },})```And, here's how your Vue.js functional component could look like. Take note that Vue functional components require a context object hoisting the props and slots. ```javascript<template functional> <div> {{ props.welcomeMessage }} </div></template><script>import { mapState } from 'vuex';export default { name: 'WelcomeMessage', props: ['welcomeMessage'], computed: mapState(['welcome']), created() { this.store.dispatch('updateWelcome'); },}</script>```You can inject the Vuex store to the functional component through props, allowing parent components to pass down the state:```html<WelcomeMessage :welcomeMessage="welcome"/>```Please consider that this is quite a basic example and you might have to customize the solution according to the details of your project. I'd recommend having a look at the Vue.js and Vuex documentation for a comprehensive understanding of how state management works in Vue.js.
question:Write a C++ program that prints out each element in a vector.A vector of integers: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
answer:Here is a simple C++ program that accomplishes the task:```cpp#include <iostream>#include <vector>int main() { // Initializing the vector std::vector<int> vec {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; // Print out each element in the vector for(const auto &value : vec){ std::cout << value << " "; } return 0;}```You can modify the line where vector is initialized to input your vector. The given vector contains elements 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. The resultant output will be following:```1 2 3 4 5```